 Neurology and stem cells
(infantile cerebral paralysis, Parkinson's disease, Raynaud's disease, Alzheimer's disease, craniocerebral trauma consequences)
Stem cells treatment is widely applied for different diseases of the nervous system, such as:
Cerebral paralysis;
Infantile cerebral paralysis;
Parkinson's disease;
Raynaud's disease;
Alzheimer's disease;
Epilepsy;
Encephalopathy;
Consequences of craniocerebral trauma.
After the stem cells treatment:
epilepsy attacks are reduced or disappear;
motion activity, aggression are reduced;
children with psycho-emotional developmental legging have a positive dynamics.
Results by the treatment of children with infantile cerebral paralysis and consequences of neuroinfections are very promising.
Cellular technology by the treatment of serious neurological disorders
First of the existing approaches to the methods of treatment of serious neurological disorders assumes transplantation of low differentiated cells strictly into the damaged parts of brain.
It is considered that transplanted cells can provide creation of new local neural connections and, thus, considerably improve function of the damaged part of brain.
However, experience of clinical practice shows that the maximum effect of transplant treatment is reached when direct influence of transplanted cells on the damaged parts of brain is combined with their influence on the different brain structures anyhow taking part in carrying out damaged function.
Therefore, the most perspective is another approach which is based on implantation of cells into liquorcirculation. It is experimentally proved that low differentiated cells can migrate in the centers of damage and intensify reparative processes. The above mentioned approach is attractive also due to its minimal traumatism, it can be repeated many times and does not require special equipment.
The choice of less immunogenic for the recipient cells is carried out on the basis of preliminary analysis of Т-cellular reactivity to donor antigenes. The total amount of viable cells in transplanted suspension makes 1.0-2.5 х 108. The operation is carried out by injection of cells into subarachnoid space of spinal cord through a lumbar puncture.
The amount of transplantations, made to the patient, varies from 1 to 4. Some patients with spinal trauma have gone through subarachnoid cellular transplantation directly after partial destruction of spinal cyst and implantation of spinal cord fragment into the damaged part of brain together with cells (1,5 -2,0x 105).
Results of the transplant treatment of 174 patients with term of supervision not less than 1.5 years have been analyzed. They are summarized in table 1. The received data specifies high efficiency of cellular transplantations application in treatment of traumatic and vascular disorders of the central neural system (CNS).
Encouraging results are received by the treatment of cerebral paralysis and consequences of children neuroinfections .
It is necessary to mention that only those patients who have not gone through a standard treatment have been included into research. Significant part of these patients, from positions of the standard medicine, has been referred to a category of hopeless patients.
Low efficiency of cellular transplantation in case of CNS degenerative diseases is, apparently, caused by the fact that donor cells are not capable to interrupt chronic pathological processes. The inefficiency of treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathies can be connected with big prevalence of the centers of disease. Probably, in these cases it is necessary to increase transplant treatment.
Subarachnoid transplantation of cells is usually well tolerated by the patient. After transplantation part of the patients had marked rise of temperature till 38.50 and meningisms. These phenomena disappeared usually within 2 day and did not require essential medicamentous intervention.
During the observation period no complications of transplant treatment have been registered.
According to the received data, subarachnoid cellular transplantation does not stimulate development of antimyelinic antibodies and does not render essential influence on antibodies level specific to cardiolipin, DNA, thyroglobulin and thyrocytes microsomal fraction. Part of recipients (approximately 20 %) had some gain of Т-cellular reactivity to donor alloantigenes.
Probably, transplanted cells affect the oldest brain stem structures. Their activation causes "awakening" of cortex in comas. At the same time regress of focus symptoms shows direct interaction of donor's cells with recipient's cortex neurons and creation of new connections between them.
At the end it is necessary to note that transplant treatment gives positive results in cases when standard treatment turns out to be ineffective.
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